Bootrom

The BootROM (called "SecureROM" by Apple) is the first significant code that runs on an iDevice and is read-only. Finding exploits at the BootROM level is a big achievement, since Apple cannot fix it without a hardware revision.

However, the attack vector of the BootROM is very small and so it is therefore very difficult to find such vulnerabilities. As a result, there has only been 2 vulnerabilities made public in the last 10 years - alloc8 and checkm8 (both from Axi0mX).

Old & New bootrom
Certain models, including the iPod touch (2nd generation) and iPhone 3GS, have different bootrom versions. These are most commonly referred to with the terms "old bootrom" and "new bootrom." These "new bootrom" devices were released after 2009 and have the 0x24000 Segment Overflow fixed. While the new bootrom revisions were relatively quickly found vulnerable to the tethered limera1n Exploit which could be paired with firmware exploits for an untethered jailbreak, it took many years for the untethered alloc8 Exploit to be discovered.

You might also be looking for Apple's stage 2 bootloader, which also uses the "iBoot" name.

Usually also looking at the CPRV (Chip Revision) tag will also tell you whether the device is new unit or not also.

From the model number (iPod touch (2nd generation))
If the second character of your Model Number is "B" (e.g.- FB533, MB533, or PB533), your iPod has the old bootrom. If the second character is "C" (FC086, MC086 or PC086), your iPod has the new bootrom.

From the serial number (iPhone 3GS)
The third digit of the serial number identifies the year of manufacture (9=2009, 0=2010, 1=2011, 2=2012), while the fourth and the fifth indicate the week. There is a gray area between week 40 of 2009 (??940??????) and week 45 of 2009 (??945??????) where some devices have new bootrom whilst others have old bootrom. . Any iPhone made after Week 45 of 2009 (??945?????? and higher or ??0???????? serials) has the new bootrom.

Windows

 * 1) Connect Device & Enter DFU Mode
 * 2) Open Device Manager, find USB controller, subitem Apple Mobile Device USB Driver
 * 3) Right-Click & click Properties
 * 4) Go to Details tab & select Device Instance Path in the dropdown box
 * 5) The end of the info string will show the bootrom version

Mac OS X

 * 1) Connect Device & Enter DFU Mode
 * 2) Go to System Profiler, and under the Hardware category, go to USB, and click on Apple Mobile Device (DFU Mode)
 * 3) The end of the Serial Number string will show the bootrom version in brackets (ie: [iBoot-574.4])

Linux

 * 1) Make sure your distribution has usbutils installed. (most distributions have it by default)
 * 2) Connect Device & Enter DFU Mode
 * 3) In terminal, run sudo lsusb -v
 * 4) Find the line that says iSerial and your bootrom version will be at the end of the line.

Dumping the bootrom
You can use Bootrom Dumper Utility by pod2g to dump the bootrom on devices that are vulnerable to the Limera1n Exploit.

ipwndfu can be used to dump the BootROM on devices vulnerable to checkm8.

Bootrom Exploits

 * Pwnage 1.0 (Ramdisk + AppleImage2NORAccess) up to Rev.2
 * Pwnage 2.0 (DFU + Malformed Certificate) up to Rev.2
 * usb_control_msg(0xA1, 1) Exploit (also called "steaks4uce" exploit) only for 240.4 and 240.5.1
 * 0x24000 Segment Overflow only for 240.4 and 359.3
 * alloc8 Exploit only for 359.3 and 359.3.2
 * Limera1n Exploit up to 574.4
 * SHAtter up to 574.4
 * Checkm8 Exploit up to 3401.0.0.1.16

Revisions

 * Bootrom Rev.2 in S5L8900
 * Bootrom 240.4 in S5L8720 (old version only)
 * Bootrom 359.3 in S5L8920 (old version only)
 * Bootrom 240.5.1 in S5L8720 (new version only)
 * Bootrom 359.3.2 in S5L8920 (new version only)
 * Bootrom 359.5 in S5L8922
 * Bootrom 574.4 in S5L8930
 * Bootrom 838.3 in S5L8940
 * ROM in S5L8942
 * Bootrom 1062.2 in S5L8945
 * Bootrom 1413.8 in S5L8747
 * Bootrom 1458.2 in S5L8947
 * Bootrom 1145.3 in S5L8950
 * Bootrom 1145.3.3 in S5L8955
 * Bootrom 1704.10 in S5L8960 and S5L8965
 * Bootrom 1992.0.0.1.19 in T7000
 * Bootrom 1991.0.0.2.16‎ in T7001
 * Bootrom 2098.0.0.2.4 in S7002
 * Bootrom 2234.0.0.3.3 in S8000
 * Bootrom 2234.0.0.2.22 in S8003
 * Bootrom 2481.0.0.2.1 in S8001
 * Bootrom 2651.0.0.1.31 in T8002
 * Bootrom 2651.0.0.3.3 in T8004
 * Bootrom 2696.0.0.1.33 in T8010
 * Bootrom 3135.0.0.2.3 in T8011
 * Bootrom 3332.0.0.1.23 in T8015
 * Bootrom 3401.0.0.1.16 in T8012
 * Bootrom 3865.0.0.4.7 in T8020
 * Bootrom 3988.0.0.2.12 in T8006
 * Bootrom 4172.0.0.100.14 in T8027
 * Bootrom 4479.0.0.100.4 in T8030
 * Bootrom 5281.0.0.100.45 in T8101
 * Bootrom 5281.0.0.300.17 in T8301
 * Bootrom 5540.0.0.400.2 in T8103
 * Bootrom 5756.0.0.100.52 in T6000, T6001, and T6002
 * Bootrom 6821.0.0.200.16 in T8112
 * Bootrom 6338.0.0.200.19 in T8110
 * Bootrom 7168.0.0.300.12 in T6020, T6021, and T6022
 * Bootrom 7195.0.0.300.25 in T8120
 * Bootrom 8104.0.0.201.4 in T8130

S5L8900, used in the iPhone, iPod touch, and iPhone 3G
see also VROM (S5L8900)
 * Bootrom Rev.2

S5L8720, used in the iPod touch (2nd generation)

 * Bootrom 240.4 "old bootrom"
 * Bootrom 240.5.1 "new bootrom"

S5L8747, used in the Haywire

 * Bootrom 1413.8

S5L8920, used in the iPhone 3GS

 * Bootrom 284.6 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 359.3 "old bootrom"
 * Bootrom 359.3.2 "new bootrom"

S5L8922, used in the iPod touch (3rd generation)

 * Bootrom 359.4 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 359.5

S5L8930, used in the iPad, iPhone 4, Apple TV (2nd generation), and iPod touch (4th generation)

 * Bootrom 574.4

S5L8940, used in the iPad 2 and iPhone 4S

 * Bootrom 838.3

S5L8942, used in the iPad 2 (iPad2,4), Apple TV (3rd generation) (AppleTV3,1), iPod touch (5th generation), and iPad mini

 * ROM

S5L8945, used in the iPad (3rd generation)

 * Bootrom 1062.2

S5L8947, used in the Apple TV (3rd generation) (AppleTV3,2)

 * Bootrom 1458.2

S5L8950, used in the iPhone 5 and iPhone 5c

 * Bootrom 1145.3

S5L8955, used in the iPad (4th generation)

 * Bootrom 1145.3.3

S5L8960/S5L8965, used in the iPhone 5s, iPad Air, iPad mini 2, and iPad mini 3

 * Bootrom 1585.4 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 1704.10

T7000, used in the Apple TV HD, HomePod, iPad mini 4, iPhone 6, iPhone 6 Plus, and iPod touch (6th generation)

 * Bootrom 1873.0.0.1.19 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 1992.0.0.1.19

T7001, used in the iPad Air 2

 * Bootrom 1991.0.0.2.16

S7002, used in the Apple Watch (1st generation)

 * Bootrom 2098.0.0.2.4

S8000, used in the iPad (5th generation), iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus and iPhone SE

 * Bootrom 2234.0.0.2.22 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 2234.0.0.3.3

S8001, used in the iPad Pro (12.9-inch) and iPad Pro (9.7-inch)

 * Bootrom 2481.0.0.1.6 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 2481.0.0.2.1

T8002, used in the Apple Watch Series 1, Apple Watch Series 2, and T1 MacBook Pros

 * Bootrom 2651.0.0.1.31

S8003, used in the iPad (5th generation), iPhone 6s, iPhone 6s Plus and iPhone SE

 * Bootrom 2234.0.0.2.22

T8004, used in the Apple Watch Series 3

 * Bootrom 2651.0.0.3.3

T8006, used in the Apple Watch Series 4, Apple Watch Series 5 and Apple Watch SE

 * Bootrom 3988.0.0.2.12

T8010, used in the iPad (6th generation), iPad (7th generation), iPhone 7, iPhone 7 Plus and iPod touch (7th generation)

 * Bootrom 2696.0.0.1.33

T8011, used in the iPad Pro (10.5-inch), iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (2nd generation), and Apple TV 4K

 * Bootrom 3135.0.0.1.12 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 3135.0.0.2.3

T8015, used in the iPhone 8, iPhone 8 Plus, and iPhone X

 * Bootrom 3332.0.0.1.23

T8012, used in the iMac Pro and other T2 based Macs

 * Bootrom 3401.0.0.1.16

T8020, used in the iPad (8th generation), iPad Air (3rd generation), iPad mini (5th generation), iPhone XR, iPhone XS, and iPhone XS Max

 * Bootrom 3865.0.0.1.23 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 3865.0.0.4.6 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 3865.0.0.4.7

T8027, used in the iPad Pro (11-inch), iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (3rd generation), iPad Pro (11-inch) (2nd generation), and iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (4th generation)

 * Bootrom 4172.0.0.100.14

T8030, used in the iPad (9th generation), iPhone 11, iPhone 11 Pro, iPhone 11 Pro Max, and iPhone SE (2nd generation)

 * Bootrom 4479.0.0.100.4

T8101, used in the iPad Air (4th generation), iPhone 12 mini, iPhone 12, iPhone 12 Pro, iPhone 12 Pro Max, and iPad (10th generation)

 * Bootrom 5281.0.0.100.22 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 5281.0.0.100.34 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 5281.0.0.100.45

T8301, used in the Apple Watch Series 6, Apple Watch Series 7, Apple Watch Series 8, Apple Watch SE (2nd generation), and Apple Watch Ultra

 * Bootrom 5281.0.0.300.17

T8103, used in the iPad Pro (11-inch) (3rd generation), iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (5th generation), M1 Macs, and iPad Air (5th generation)

 * Bootrom 5540.0.0.400.2

T6000, T6001, and T6002, used in the MacBook Pro (14-inch, 2021), MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2021), and Mac Studio (2022)

 * Bootrom 5756.0.0.100.52

=== T8110, used in the iPad mini (6th generation), iPhone 13 mini, iPhone 13, iPhone 13 Pro, iPhone 13 Pro Max, iPhone 14, iPhone 14 Plus, and Apple TV 4K (3rd generation) ===
 * Bootrom 6338.0.0.200.15 (non-production)
 * Bootrom 6338.0.0.200.19

T8112, used in the iPad Pro (11-inch) (4th generation), iPad Pro (12.9-inch) (6th generation), and M2 Macs

 * Bootrom 6821.0.0.200.16

T6020, T6021, and T6022, used in the MacBook Pro (14-inch, 2023), MacBook Pro (16-inch, 2023), Mac mini (2023), Mac Studio (2023), and Mac Pro (2023)

 * Bootrom 7168.0.0.300.12

T8120, used in the iPhone 14 Pro, iPhone 14 Pro Max, iPhone 15, and iPhone 15 Plus

 * Bootrom 7195.0.0.300.25

T8130, used in the iPhone 15 Pro and iPhone 15 Pro Max

 * Bootrom 8104.0.0.201.4