Dev:Reverse Engineering Tools

While developing a tweak, you may find these tools useful to analyze how iOS and apps work, and to find where to interpose your functionality.

Dynamic analysis
The following tools are useful for analyzing a program during runtime.

GDB / LLDB
When writing software, a debugger can help determine what is causing a crash, to find backtrace information on certain points of a program, and so on. Attaching the debugger to normal processes running on the iPhone can be done with the description on debugserver, and see Debugging on iOS 7 for more context.

Cycript
Cycript allows you to run your own code in an attached process out-of-the-box, with some JavaScript-syntax goodies to make writing code more convenient. It allows for useful runtime analysis of a program (such as for instance getting the complete view hierarchy, or checking out the properties of an object), and it allows for easy prototyping of a tweak (by hooking methods with a Substrate bridge, changing objects freely and calling functions, etc.).

objtree
objtree is a tool for displaying entire trees of objc method calls within the scope of a function call.

Features:


 * Trace all ObjC methods within the scope of a method or function (symbolicated or by relative address), `tree`-style
 * Stack-depth filters
 * All the `frida-trace` goodies: spawn file, attach to pid, remote frida-server, etc.

xpcspy
xpcspy is a tool for intercepting Interprocess Communication.

Logify
While not a runtime analysis tool, Logify takes an Objective-C header file containing a class interface and generates a Logos file hooking all methods in the given class, and for each hook logging the call of the method (with parameters) to the syslog. Logify allows for convenient analysis of what methods of a class get called during runtime, and when.

weak_classdump
When  (described below) can't analyze an executable and generate header files with class interfaces (due to App Store app encryption, other encryption, malformed binaries etc.), another option is to get these definitions from the runtime. is a Cycript tool which attaches into a project and generates -like output files.

can be used to dump a single class, like this:

It can also be used to dump all the classes in a bundle (in this case, the main bundle):

See the  section of Cycript Tricks for another example.

InspectiveC
InspectiveC allows you to log message hierarchies of certain objects, classes, and selectors. It is very useful if you're trying to figure out how a certain method or class works without having to go into the assembly. You can temporarily use InspectiveC in your tweak to log objects as needed.

Reveal
Reveal is a macOS App designed for UI Debugging. In terms of UX, it appears to replicate the XCode storyboard layout, offering a plethora of layout tools and the ability to edit UI in real-time.

It is worth noting that version 24 and 25 exhibit terrible performance in most use cases. A free trial is offered, and it's advised that you evaluate the product before purchasing, as for some users, it has completely failed to work as advertised. It is a powerful debugging application when it works properly. On iOS 13, and/or Version 24, a change was made that broke Reveal's ability to load into SpringBoard. You will need to use or copy the below project's fix for this issue below:

Reveal Loader will dynamically load the RevealServer framework into applications the user selects, and will automatically load itself into SpringBoard without requiring user intervention.

When you load an application using Reveal, the application will appear to become unresponsive, as Reveal will "pause" execution in order to "snapshot" the current UI state. This is expected and may take several minutes to complete.

Lookin
Lookin is an alternative to Reveal that, in addition to being free, performs much better and offers many more features than Reveal. The installation method is identical to Reveal.

Spark Inspector
Spark Inspector has a three-dimensional view of your app's interface and the ability to change view properties at runtime

FLEX
FLEX is an in-app debugging and exploration tool for iOS.

FLEXall is an updated version of FLEXing.

FLEXing will help you load (the up-to-date) FLEX into your applications by holding the status bar.

blacktop/ipsw
blacktop's ipsw tool is an absolute juggernaut, capable of doing ( __to some extent__ ) what every single tool on this page can do (and more).

It's written in golang and works on macos, and to some extent, linux.

iOS Header Dumps

 * headers.cynder.me (Has syntax highlighting, version diffing, and logos hook generation (click a line number))
 * developer.limneos.net (Has a solid search tool, automatic logify.pl, and dumps for every major ios version from iOS 3 through 14)
 * iOS-Runtime-Headers (Hosted on github, with access to the slightly superior github search bar)

ktool
ktool is a fully cross-platform tool and library for ObjC class dumping/header generating (among many other things).

Tested on Windows x86/ARM, MacOS x86/M1, Linux x86/ARM, iOS (in both iSH and SSH), and Android.

Things it can do:
 * Browse and/or Hexdump Load Commands, Segments, etc via the GUI
 * Dump/Browse ObjC headers, classes, .tbds (a la class-dump, tapi, otool, etc.)
 * Insert/replace load commands, etc (a la optool, install-name-tool)
 * Display a lot of valuable info about MachO binaries, including ones with mangled/corrupted load commands.
 * Plenty more

dsdump
dsdump is a tool (compatible with MacOS and and iOS), notable for being also able to dump Swift metadata.

It's self-described as "An improved nm + objc/swift class-dump".

It also comes with a splendid writeup on ObjC/Swift class-dumping: https://derekselander.github.io/dsdump/

class-dump, class_dump_z, classdump-dyld
From a given executable, class-dump and class_dump_z will generate header files with class interfaces. (class-dump may produce better headers than class-dump-z for recent binaries.) This allows for an analysis of what methods exist in the executable, which can help you guess which ones to hook to get given functionality.

All default (private and public) libraries on iOS are combined into a big cache file to improve performance in  (see dyld_shared_cache for more details). If you want to class-dump private frameworks, you can either install Xcode and class-dump the frameworks on your Mac using the above tools, or you can use classdump-dyld, which works right on your device (classdump-dyld can also be installed via its package hosted on BigBoss). Remember that the resulting files are not the original headers, so use them with caution.

The following tools can be used to analyze an executable.

FlexDecrypt
flexdecrypt is an app/macho decryption tool, notable for not requiring app launch to decrypt executables.

Other tools
Clutch decrypts app executables, plugins and frameworks. Requires iOS7 and above. dumpdecrypted

dyld_shared_cache extraction
On a static cache, using DyldExtractor is recommended. It works across all platforms.

See the dyld_shared_cache page on this wiki for a full list of tools and info.

Disassemblers
Disassemblers are useful when you need an in-depth analysis of a binary. These programs are designed to aid and facilitate reverse engineering of compiled software.

Although all can "Disassemble", that is, provide assembly code, some can also provide near-perfect C pseudocode from the assembly. This is called decompiling, and IDA, Hopper, and Ghidra all have powerful decompilers bundled with them.

IDA
IDA, or IDA Pro, (Interactive Disassembler) is a very popular program for disassembling binaries. It supports a plethora of processors.

IDA has a massive amount of features and has been in development for more than a decade. It's typically regarded as the industry standard for Reverse Engineering. Recent versions include unrivalled dyld_shared_cache tools. These have been documented in the page linked below.

A much more extensive writeup on using IDA for iOS Research.

Hopper
Hopper is a newer disassembler and decompiler that offers an excellent choice for hobbyists that don't have several thousand to spare.

Some crucial Hopper features:
 * Basic dyld_shared_cache handling
 * Excellent UI and UX.

Downsides:
 * Only local x64 Debugging
 * Missing some crucial features for iOS
 * Pseudocode cannot be edited, and is often difficult to read.

The standard License is $99.

A free, evaluation copy of the program is offered which limits functionality and showcases a much older version of the program.

Ghidra
Ghidra is a free, very powerful reverse-engineering tool released by the NSA. The pseudocode it generates is on par with IDA, and offers an alternative to Hopper's pseudocode, which can be difficult to work with.

For those who can't afford expensive licenses, Ghidra is more than enough for any developer or engineer.

BinaryNinja
BinaryNinja is a newer Disassembler.

More information/experience needed here

jtool
jtool is a project by morpheus which provides a powerful command-line utility for static analysis of Mach-O caches, objects, files, and more. Documentation is available on the linked page.

otool
The otool command displays specified parts of object files or libraries. It can also disassemble:

Example usage:

strings
strings is a simple utility that will print all the strings in a given binary.

Example usage:

nm
nm is a utility that displays the symbol table of a given binary.

Example usage: